Analysis of the role of traveler attitudes and perceptions in explaining mode-choice behavior

Kuppam, Pendyala, Rahman, 1999, in Transportation Research Record

doi:10.3141/1676-09
Location Puget Sound, Washington
Population General
Sample size 1802
Factor analysis type principal components, Orthogonal rotation
Stepwise regression no
Removal of insignificant variables no
Reviewed by LCM

Abstract

An analysis was carried out using the 1991 wave of the Puget Sound Transportation Panel data set to determine the role played by attitudinal and preference variables in explaining commuter mode-choice behavior. Different modal market segments were compared to determine the extent to which attitudes and preferences differ across mode choices. A factor analysis was performed on the sample to identify a few distinct factors that would ...

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
Bus: short wait time (Convenience) 0.81
Bus: ability to travel when desired (Convenience) 0.75
Bus: short travel time (Convenience) 0.74
Bus: ability to travel without changing vehicle (Convenience) 0.73
Bus: making few stops (Convenience) 0.7
Bus: ability to arrive on time (Convenience) 0.68
Bus: flexibility to change plans (Convenience) 0.67
Bus: protection from weather (Comfort) 0.63
Bus: freedom from threats to personal safety (Safety) 0.61
Variable Pattern loading
Avoiding stress (Comfort) 0.66
Safety of vehicles from accidents (Safety) 0.65
Freedom from threats to personal safety (Safety) 0.64
Short wait time (Convenience) 0.61
Protection from weather (Comfort) 0.6
Having a seat (Comfort) 0.6
Not having to deal with traffic congestion (Convenience) 0.57
Parking availability (Convenience) 0.56
Making few stops (Convenience) 0.55
Day-to-day cost = gas, parking, bus (Cost) 0.52
Variable Pattern loading
Taking the bus is an enjoyable way to travel (Mode-liking) 0.59
Riding the bus is a relaxing way to commute (Comfort) 0.55
Willing to pay higher taxes to improve bus service (Transport policy) 0.54
Riding the bus helps reduce traffic congestion (Transport policy) 0.53
Carpooling with someone unknown if convenient (Convenience) 0.5
Carpooling is an enjoyable way to travel (Mode-liking) 0.49
Not fair having a special HOV/transit lane (Transport policy) -0.48
SOV should pay more for parking than poolers (Transport policy) 0.47
More freeway carpool lanes should be built (Transport policy) 0.46
I'd rather drive with others than by myself (Lifestyle) 0.42
Variable Pattern loading
My schedule is too erratic to be in a carpool (Convenience) 0.6
Won't rely on others to get to work on time (Convenience) 0.53
I don't know anyone to carpool with (Convenience) 0.51
Ability to travel when desired (Convenience) 0.48
Taking the bus doesn't fit my lifestyle (Convenience) 0.48
It's easy to find someone I can carpool with (Convenience) -0.47
I like the freedom of driving my own car (Mode-liking) 0.45
Flexibility to change plans (Convenience) 0.42
If gas prices go up, less likely to drive to work (Cost) -0.3
I hate the idea of transferring buses (Convenience) 0.29
Variable Pattern loading
Pool: parking availability (Convenience) 0.5
Pool: day-to-day cost (Cost) 0.49
Bus: safety of vehicle from accidents (Safety) 0.46
Bus: not having to deal with traffic congestion (Convenience) 0.46
Bus: minimizing pollution (Environmentalism) 0.45
Bus: parking availability (Convenience) 0.45
Pool: not having to deal with traffic congestion (Convenience) 0.42
Bus: ability to read while traveling (Convenience) 0.42
Pool: freedom from threats to personal safety (Safety) 0.41
Variable Pattern loading
Pool: ability to travel when desired (Convenience) 0.69
Pool: making few stops (Convenience) 0.66
Pool: flexibility to change plans (Convenience) 0.66
Pool: ability to arrive on time (Convenience) 0.64
Pool: short wait time (Convenience) 0.62
Pool: ability to travel without changing vehicle (Convenience) 0.59
Pool: short travel time (Convenience) 0.55
Pool: protection from weather (Comfort) 0.44
Pool: avoiding stress (Comfort) 0.42
Variable Pattern loading
SOV: having a seat (Comfort) 0.78
SOV: flexibility to change plans (Convenience) 0.76
SOV: short wait time (Convenience) 0.76
SOV: ability to travel without changing vehicle (Convenience) 0.73
SOV: ability to travel when desired (Convenience) 0.72
SOV: making few stops (Convenience) 0.71
SOV: protection from weather (Comfort) 0.63
Variable Pattern loading
SOV: safety of vehicles from accidents (Safety) 0.74
SOV: avoiding stress (Comfort) 0.74
SOV: not having to deal with congestion (Convenience) 0.74
SOV: minimizing pollution (Environmentalism) 0.69
SOV: day-to-day cost = parking, gas, bus (Cost) 0.69
SOV: parking availability (Convenience) 0.57
Pool: safety of vehicles from accidents (Safety) 0.55
SOV: freedom from threats to personal safety (Safety) 0.51
Pool: minimizing pollution (Environmentalism) 0.48
SOV: short travel time (Convenience) 0.46

Models

Dependent variable mode-choice behaviour
Model type multinomial logit
Sample size 1664.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.497
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero -2354.23
Log-likelihood at constants -1308.84
Log-likelihood at convergence -1184.708
Non-motor
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 4.787 0.003
Age of commuter -0.028 0.055
Household income (<$7500) dummy 0.811 0.029
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy -0.899 0.04
Number of vehicles per adult -1.548 0.0
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy -0.066 0.897
Number of adults (+18) -0.507 0.062
Employed outside home -3.077 0.004
Pool
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 4.772 0.0
Age of commuter -0.011 0.159
Household income (<$7500) dummy -0.595 0.029
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy -0.02 0.904
Number of vehicles per adult -1.21 0.0
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy 0.441 0.031
Number of adults (+18) 0.095 0.516
Employed outside home -3.954 0.0
Transit
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 5.904 0.0
Age of commuter 0.01 0.226
Household income (<$7500) dummy -0.266 0.276
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy 0.05 0.787
Number of vehicles per adult -1.782 0.0
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy -0.132 0.596
Number of adults (+18) -0.392 0.013
Employed outside home -3.973 0.0
Dependent variable mode-choice behaviour
Model type multinomial logit
Sample size 1664.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.537
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero -2328.16
Log-likelihood at constants -1308.84
Log-likelihood at convergence -1078.84
Non-motor
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -3.653 0.0
Bus convenience 0.267 0.18
SOV performance -0.545 0.002
Pool convenience -0.25 0.174
Non-SOV advantages 0.589 0.003
Non-SOV disadvantages -0.554 0.002
Pool
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -2.139 0.0
Bus convenience -0.16 0.087
SOV performance -0.212 0.037
Pool convenience 0.733 0.0
Non-SOV advantages 0.05 0.582
Non-SOV disadvantages -0.615 0.0
Transit
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -2.63 0.0
Bus convenience 1.079 0.0
SOV performance -0.982 0.0
Pool convenience 0.016 0.881
Non-SOV advantages 0.254 0.026
Non-SOV disadvantages -0.782 0.0
Dependent variable mode-choice behaviour
Model type multinomial logit
Sample size 1664.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.585
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero -2317.01
Log-likelihood at constants -1308.84
Log-likelihood at convergence -960.65
Non-motor
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 3.128 0.027
Household income (<$7500) dummy 1.106 0.002
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy 0.139 0.78
Number of vehicles per adult -1.546 0.0
Employed outside home -3.853 0.001
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy -0.823 0.058
Bus convenience 0.186 0.368
SOV performance -0.643 0.0
Pool convenience -0.248 0.197
Non-SOV advantages 0.548 0.007
Non-SOV disadvantages -0.691 0.0
Pool
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 5.056 0.0
Household income (<$7500) dummy -0.669 0.018
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy 0.584 0.009
Number of vehicles per adult -1.399 0.0
Employed outside home -4.409 0.0
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy 0.041 0.795
Bus convenience -0.177 0.07
SOV performance -0.332 0.002
Pool convenience 0.775 0.0
Non-SOV advantages 0.064 0.509
Non-SOV disadvantages -0.718 0.0
Transit
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 6.458 0.0
Household income (<$7500) dummy -0.044 0.873
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy 0.375 0.187
Number of vehicles per adult -1.712 0.0
Employed outside home -5.808 0.0
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy 0.023 0.912
Bus convenience 1.069 0.0
SOV performance -1.115 0.0
Pool convenience 0.076 0.522
Non-SOV advantages 0.237 0.054
Non-SOV disadvantages -0.9 0.0
Dependent variable mode-choice behaviour
Model type multinomial logit
Sample size 1664.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.493
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero -2355.63
Log-likelihood at constants -1308.84
Log-likelihood at convergence -1194.35
Non-motor
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 2.157 0.095
Household income (<$7500) dummy 1.133 0.001
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy -0.138 0.78
Number of vehicles per adult -1.467 0.0
Employed outside home -2.823 0.007
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy -0.802 0.062
Pool
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 4.414 0.0
Household income (<$7500) dummy -0.621 0.019
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy 0.456 0.025
Number of vehicles per adult -1.256 0.0
Employed outside home -3.791 0.0
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy 0.029 0.857
Transit
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 5.359 0.0
Household income (<$7500) dummy -0.092 0.689
Occupation (low paid blue collar) dummy -0.176 0.478
Number of vehicles per adult -1.621 0.0
Employed outside home -4.096 0.0
Lifecycle (couple with children) dummy -0.01 0.952

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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