Defining, Measuring, and Using the Lifestyle Concept in Modal Choice Research

Van Acker, 2015, in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

doi:10.3141/2495-08
Location Flanders, Belgium
Population General
Sample size 1878
Factor analysis type exploratory factor analysis, unknown rotation
Stepwise regression yes
Removal of insignificant variables yes
Reviewed by LCM

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
Age (Not an attitude) 0.558
Full-time employed (Not an attitude) 0.444
Highly educated (Not an attitude) 0.273
Household income (Not an attitude) 0.446
Household position = child (Not an attitude) -0.321
Children present in household (Not an attitude) 0.242
Variable Pattern loading
Full-time employed (Not an attitude) -0.32
Highly educated (Not an attitude) -0.39
Household position = child (Not an attitude) 0.739
Children present in household (Not an attitude) 0.946
Number of older children (>18 years) (Not an attitude) 0.938
Variable Pattern loading
Children present in household (Not an attitude) 0.361
Number of young children (<6 years) (Not an attitude) 0.937
Number of older children (>18 years) (Not an attitude) -0.271
Variable Pattern loading
The opinion of other people is important to me (Social norms) nan
Variable Pattern loading
A career is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.442
Variable Pattern loading
A successful marriage or relationship is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.547
Having and raising children is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.682
Variable Pattern loading
Friendship is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.738
Regular contact with friends is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.723
Variable Pattern loading
An interesting and exciting job is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.433
The kind of job is not important as long as I earn enough (Lifestyle) -0.446
Variable Pattern loading
I enjoy leisure activities at home (Lifestyle) 0.742
Sufficient time for leisure activities at home is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.797
Variable Pattern loading
I enjoy outside leisure activities (Lifestyle) 0.737
Meeting people during outside leisure activities is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.293
Sufficient time for outside leisure activities is important to me (Lifestyle) 0.871
Variable Pattern loading
Holiday: self-organized, family-oriented (Lifestyle) 0.253
Leisure: Sports (Lifestyle) 0.741
Literary interests: Prohousing, cocooning (Lifestyle) 0.628
Variable Pattern loading
Holiday: Culture lover (Lifestyle) 0.423
Leisure: Socially engaged (Lifestyle) 0.843
Literary interests: Culture and current events (Lifestyle) 0.444
Literary interests: Nonemotional, nonfiction (Lifestyle) -0.305
Variable Pattern loading
Leisure: Party people (Lifestyle) 0.937
Leisure: Traditional family activities (Lifestyle) -0.246
Literary interests: Style and trends (Lifestyle) 0.262
Variable Pattern loading
Holiday: low-budget, active-adventurous (Lifestyle) 0.246
Leisure: Creativity (Lifestyle) 0.922
Literary interests: Nonemotional, nonfiction (Lifestyle) 0.289
Variable Pattern loading
Holiday: All in one (Lifestyle) 0.444
Holiday: Frequent traveler, second home (Lifestyle) -0.2
Leisure: Traditional family activities (Lifestyle) 0.607
Literary interests: Style and trends (Lifestyle) 0.598

Models

Dependent variable Car use
Model type Logistic regression
Sample size 1878.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke) Block 1: 0.047, 0.067; Block 2: 0.058, 0.081; Block 3: 0.081, 0.113; Block 4: 0.102, 0.144
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence Block 1: -1610.064; Block 2: -1595.23; Block 3: -1562.22; Block 4: -1529.88
Variable Coefficient p-value
Driving license 1.281 0.0
Older family with employed adults 0.219 0.016
Density -0.191 0.017
Location relative to regional center 0.096 0.213
Car ownership 0.437 0.0
Constant -0.256 0.45
Dependent variable Car use
Model type Logistic regression
Sample size 1878.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke) Block 1: 0.058, 0.082; Block 3: 0.098, 0.138; Block 4: 0.113, 0.16
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence Block 1: -1603.962; Block 3: -1544.478; Block 4: -1520.804
Variable Coefficient p-value
Driving license 1.565 0.0
Density -0.33 0.001
Location relative to regional center 0.221 0.021
Local accessibility -0.166 0.031
Regional accessibility 0.178 0.039
Car ownership 0.355 0.001
Constant -2.693 0.0
Dependent variable Car use
Model type Logistic regression
Sample size 1878.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke) Block 1: 0.059, 0.083; Block 2: 0.083, 0.118; Block 3: 0.118, 0.167; Block 4: 0.138, 0.195
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence Block 1: -1692.63; Block 2: -1654.42; Block 3: -1598.792; Block 4: -1565.192
Variable Coefficient p-value
Age 0.022 0.006
Driving license 1.128 0.0
Culture lover -0.201 0.047
Low budget and active-creative -0.295 0.002
Density -0.284 0.003
Location relative to regional center 0.226 0.02
Local accessibility -0.172 0.024
Regional accessibility 0.182 0.039
Car ownership 0.433 0.0
Constant -3.137 0.0
Dependent variable Active travel use
Model type Logistic regression
Sample size 1878.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke) Block 1: 0.031, 0.042; Block 2: 0.046, 0.063; Block 3: 0.069, 0.092; Block 4: 0.082, 0.109
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence Block 1: -1813.272; Block 2: -1792.242; Block 3: -1759.52; Block 4: -1740.944
Variable Coefficient p-value
Driver's license -0.886 0.0
Student living at home -0.039 0.658
Density 0.136 0.059
Location relative to local center -0.159 0.053
Location relative to regional center -0.232 0.006
Car ownership -0.356 0.003
Constant 1.019 0.0
Dependent variable Active travel use
Model type Logistic regression
Sample size 1878.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke) Block 1: 0.035, 0.047; Block 2: 0.041, 0.055; Block 3: 0.07, 0.093; Block 4: 0.091, 0.121
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence Block 1: -1834.382; Block 2: -1825.648; Block 3: -1784.744; Block 4: -1753.266
Variable Coefficient p-value
Driver's license -0.86 0.0
Career oriented -0.229 0.178
Density 0.117 0.1
Location relative to local center -0.151 0.066
Location relative to regional center -0.2 0.019
Car ownership -0.394 0.0
Constant 1.031 0.0
Dependent variable Active travel use
Model type Logistic regression
Sample size 1878.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke) Block 1: 0.032, 0.043; Block 2: 0.048, 0.064; Block 3: 0.072, 0.097; Block 4: 0.092, 0.122
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence Block 1: -1957.82; Block 2: -1933.488; Block 3: -1895.658; Block 4: -1865.218
Variable Coefficient p-value
Driver's license -0.838 0.0
Culture lover 0.099 0.25
Traditional family -0.196 0.046
Density 0.12 0.082
Location relative to local center -0.14 0.088
Location relative to regional center -0.191 0.021
Car ownership -0.38 0.0
Constant 1.013 0.0

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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