Do dissonants in transit oriented development adjust commuting travel behaviour?

Kamruzzaman, Baker, Turrell, 2015, in European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research

doi:nan
Location Brisbane, Australia
Population Other (specify)
Sample size 2675
Factor analysis type exploratory factor analysis, oblimin rotation
Stepwise regression nan
Removal of insignificant variables yes
Reviewed by LCM

Abstract

Residential dissonance signifies a mismatch between an individual’s preferred and actual proximal land use patterns in residential neighbourhoods, whereas residential consonance signifies agreement between actual and preferred proximal land uses. Residential dissonance is a relatively unexplored theme in the literature, yet it acts as a barrier to the development of sustainable transport and land use policy. This research identifies mode choice behaviour of four groups living in transit oriented development (TOD) and non-TOD areas in Brisbane, Australia using panel data from 2675 commuters: TOD consonants, TOD dissonants, non-TOD consonants, and non-TOD dissonants. The research investigates a hypothetical understanding that dissonants adjust their travel attitudes and perceptions according to their surrounding land uses over time. The adjustment process was examined by comparing the commuting mode choice behaviour of dissonants between 2009 and 2011. Six binary logistic regression models were estimated, one for each of the three modes considered (e.g. public transport, active transport, and car) and one for each of the 2009 and 2011 waves. Results indicate that TOD dissonants and non-TOD consonants were less likely to use the public transport and active transport; and more likely to use the car compared with TOD consonants. Non-TOD dissonants use public transport and active transport equally to TOD consonants. The results suggest that commuting mode choice behaviour is largely determined by travel attitudes than built environment factors; however, the latter influence public transport and car use propensity. This research also supports the view that dissonants adjust their attitudes to surrounding land uses, but very slowly. Both place (e.g. TOD development) and people-based (e.g. motivational) policies are needed for an effective travel behavioural shift. © 2015 Editorial Board EJTIR. All Rights reserved.

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
I need a car to do many of the things that I do (Convenience) 0.746
I could not manage pretty well without a car (Convenience) 0.698
Variable Pattern loading
Public transport is inconvenient and unreliable (Convenience) 0.851
Using public transport takes too much time (Convenience) 0.65
Travelling by public transport is not very pleasant (Mode-liking) 0.619
Public transport can sometimes be difficult than driving (sic) (Convenience) 0.453
Public transport is expensive (Cost) 0.407
Variable Pattern loading
Travelling by car is safer overall than taking public transport (Safety) 0.751
Travelling by car is safer overall than walking (Safety) 0.552
Variable Pattern loading
People need to walk and cycle more to improve the environment (Environmentalism) 0.91
People need to walk and cycle more to reduce global warming (Environmentalism) 0.794
People need to walk and cycle more to reduce traffic congestion (Transport policy) 0.744
People need to use public transport more often to reduce traffic congestion (Transport policy) 0.529
Driving a car is expensive (Cost) 0.295

Models

Dependent variable Commute mode: public transport
Model type binary logit
Sample size 2675.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.26
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
TOD dissonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.36 <0.05
NON-TOD consonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.28 <0.05
Residential density (continuous - higher values represent lower density) 0.99 <0.05
Travel time: 15-30 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 10.24 <0.05
Travel time: 30-60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 43.7 <0.05
Travel time: more than 60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 50.35 <0.05
Gender: female (ref: male) 1.48 <0.05
Car availability: yes, sometimes (ref: yes, always) 5.81 <0.05
Car availability: no (ref: yes, always) 14.77 <0.05
Car availability: do not drive (ref: yes, always) 16.26 <0.05
Dependent variable Commute mode: public transport
Model type binary logit
Sample size 2675.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.23
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
TOD dissonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.42 <0.05
NON-TOD consonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.24 <0.05
Non-TOD dissonants (Positive score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.67 <0.05
Residential density (continuous - higher values represent lower density) 0.99 <0.05
Travel time: 15-30 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 6.72 <0.05
Travel time: 30-60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 26.34 <0.05
Travel time: more than 60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 33.76 <0.05
Gender: female (ref: male) 1.39 <0.05
Age (continuous) 0.97 <0.05
Car availability: yes, sometimes (ref: yes, always) 6.59 <0.05
Car availability: no (ref: yes, always) 4.74 <0.05
Car availability: do not drive (ref: yes, always) 11.49 <0.05
Household size (continuous) 0.81 <0.05
Dependent variable Commute mode: less sustainable transport
Model type binary logit
Sample size 2675.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.14
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
TOD dissonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 2.22 <0.05
NON-TOD consonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 3.42 <0.05
Non-TOD dissonants (Positive score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 1.69 <0.05
Travel time: 15-30 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 1.52 <0.05
Travel time: 30-60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.58 <0.05
Travel time: more than 60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.49 <0.05
Gender: female (ref: male) 1.38 <0.05
Car availability: yes, sometimes (ref: yes, always) 0.17 <0.05
Car availability: no (ref: yes, always) 0.04 <0.05
Car availability: do not drive (ref: yes, always) 0.04 <0.05
Income percentile: third (ref: first) 0.73 <0.05
Health status (continuous) 0.85 <0.05
Dependent variable Commute mode: less sustainable transport
Model type binary logit
Sample size 2675.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.13
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
TOD dissonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 2.09 <0.05
NON-TOD consonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 2.88 <0.05
Non-TOD dissonants (Positive score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 1.83 <0.05
Travel time: 15-30 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 1.6 <0.05
Travel time: 30-60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.56 <0.05
Travel time: more than 60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.49 <0.05
Gender: female (ref: male) 1.42 <0.05
Car availability: yes, sometimes (ref: yes, always) 0.17 <0.05
Car availability: no (ref: yes, always) 0.09 <0.05
Car availability: do not drive (ref: yes, always) 0.05 <0.05
Education: diploma/certificate (ref: upto year-12) 1.3 <0.05
Income percentile: missing (ref: first) 0.73 <0.05
Health status (continuous) 0.8 <0.05
Dependent variable Commute mode: active transport
Model type binary logit
Sample size 2675.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.09
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
TOD dissonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.76 <0.05
NON-TOD consonants (negative score on "Perception about public transport," ref: TOD consonants) 0.71 <0.05
Residential density (continuous - higher values represent lower density) 1.0 <0.05
Network connectivity (continuous) 1.02 <0.05
Travel time: 15-30 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.32 <0.05
Travel time: 30-60 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.55 <0.05
Gender: female (ref: male) 0.68 <0.05
Car availability: yes, sometimes (ref: yes, always) 3.56 <0.05
Car availability: no (ref: yes, always) 5.32 <0.05
Car availability: do not drive (ref: yes, always) 7.65 <0.05
Education: bachelor or above (ref: upto year-12) 1.47 <0.05
Country of birth: other (ref: Australia) 0.73 <0.05
Health status (continuous) 1.16 <0.05
Dependent variable Commute mode: active transport
Model type binary logit
Sample size 2675.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) 0.09
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
Network connectivity (continuous) 1.02 <0.05
Travel time: 15-30 minutes (ref: 0-15 minutes) 0.44 <0.05
Gender: female (ref: male) 0.7 <0.05
Car availability: yes, sometimes (ref: yes, always) 4.97 <0.05
Car availability: no (ref: yes, always) 6.23 <0.05
Car availability: do not drive (ref: yes, always) 5.9 <0.05
Health status (continuous) 1.28 <0.05

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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