Effects of incorporating latent and attitudinal information in mode choice models

Variable	Pattern loading
Vehicle is needed for work (Convenience)	-0.6796
Vehicle is needed for family, shopping or errands (Convenience)	-1.1383
Health and disability reason (Other)	-3.1257
Long and irregular work hours (Lifestyle)	-1.3175
Free or inexpensive parking (Cost)	-1.3434
Fast travel time (Convenience)	-0.4297
Safety and security (Safety)	-1.517
Convenience, comfort, and enjoyment (Convenience)	-0.3893
I can't find anyone to carpool with (Convenience)	-1.693
I live far away from work place (Res preference/perception)	-0.9369
No public transit where I live (Convenience)	-2.3744
Weather (Comfort)	-1.2693
Other modes are not feasible to me (Convenience)	-1.9071
Other reasons (Other)	-2.1164

Variable	Pattern loading
Cost saving (Cost)	-0.5786
Fast travel time (Convenience)	-0.8695
Safety and security (Safety)	-1.1042
Convenience, comfort, and enjoyment (Convenience)	-0.802
Can use travel time productively (Convenience)	-0.9333
Health and disability reason (Other)	-1.8125
Companionship (Lifestyle)	-2.0217
Reduced congestion (Convenience)	-0.7436
Environmental benefits (Environmentalism)	-0.7322
Weather (Comfort)	-0.9644
Don't like to drive (Mode-liking)	-1.0562
Driving is too stressful (Comfort)	-1.0175
Don't have access to vehicle (Not an attitude)	-1.0178
Others (Other)	-1.2458

Dependent variable	Mode choice
Model type	MNL
Sample size	3000.0
R2	nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan)	nan
AIC	nan
BIC	nan
Log-likelihood at zero	-15393.5
Log-likelihood at constants	nan
Log-likelihood at convergence	-10748.08

Carpool and ride
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-1.5846	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0171	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.2542	0.0
Wait time during transfers (minutes)	-0.1167	0.0
Gender: Male	0.3588	0.037
Age: 45-54	-0.1842	0.318
Employment status: full time and permanent	-0.6157	0.004

Carpool/auto passenger
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-2.1052	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	0.0009	0.79
Gender: Male	0.1716	0.011
Option of flexible office hour	0.4579	0.0

Cycle
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Gender: Male	-1.3475	0.0
Age: 25-34	-0.2154	0.153
Age: 45-54	0.4497	0.0
Employment status: full time and permanent	-1.2635	0.0

Cycle and ride
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-4.1058	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0171	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.2542	0.0
Age: 25-34	-0.7164	0.139
Age: 45-54	-0.5591	0.106
Option of flexible office hour	1.1039	0.003

Park and ride
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-2.5084	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0171	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.2542	0.0
Number of transfers required	-1.6921	0.0
Gender: Male	1.336	0.0
Age: 45-54	0.3907	0.002
Option of flexible office hour	-0.2166	0.078

Public transit (bus/LRT)
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0171	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.2542	0.0
Number of transfers required	-0.2309	0.0
Walking time to transit stop (minutes)	-0.0415	0.0
Gender: Male	0.7481	0.0
Age: 45-54	0.0626	0.281
Employment status: full time and permanent	-0.4026	0.0

Walk, jog, or inline skate
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Home to work travel distance (km)	-0.0206	0.0
Age: 25-34	0.5949	0.0
Option of flexible office hour	0.4069	0.001

Dependent variable	Mode choice
Model type	Hybrid choice
Sample size	3000.0
R2	nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan)	nan
AIC	nan
BIC	nan
Log-likelihood at zero	-217246.6
Log-likelihood at constants	nan
Log-likelihood at convergence	-125515.2

Structural model: Automobile captivity
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Office start time: before 6:00 to 7:00 am	-0.3367	0.0
Office start time: before 7:01 to 7:15 am	-0.4615	0.0
Office start time: before 7:16 to 7:30 am	-0.5256	0.0
Office start time: before 7:31 to 8:00 am	-0.6551	0.0
Office start time: before 8:01 to 8:15 am	-0.5093	0.0
Office start time: before 8:15 to 8:30 am	-0.5252	0.0
Option of compressed work week	-0.2384	0.0

Structural model: Carpool and ride
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-1.7789	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0144	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.1822	0.001
Wait time during transfers (minutes)	-0.0986	0.0
Gender: Male	0.5341	0.003
Age: 45-54	-0.1465	0.43
Employment status: full time and permanent	-0.4655	0.049
Random variable to capture correlation among alternative modes	-0.4723	0.0
Automobile captivity	1.3509	0.0
Transit captivity	1.1119	0.0

Structural model: Carpool/auto passenger
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-3.1282	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0011	0.758
Gender: Male	0.2273	0.001
Option of flexible office hour	0.4459	0.0
Random variable to capture correlation among alternative modes	-0.4569	0.002
Random variable to capture correlation among alternative modes	-0.4723	0.0
Automobile captivity	0.5147	0.0

Structural model: Cycle
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Gender: Male	-1.125	0.0
Age: 25-34	0.2461	0.116
Age: 45-54	0.7031	0.0
Employment status: full time and permanent	-0.7941	0.0

Structural model: Cycle and ride
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-4.2938	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0144	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.1822	0.001
Age: 25-34	-0.6814	0.172
Age: 45-54	-0.4098	0.224
Option of flexible office hour	1.0581	0.004
Transit captivity	1.1223	0.0

Structural model: Drive alone
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Random variable to capture correlation among alternative modes	-0.4569	0.002
Automobile captivity	1.7424	0.0

Structural model: Park and ride
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
ASC	-2.3021	0.0
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0144	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.1822	0.001
Number of transfers required	-1.63	0.0
Gender: Male	1.4059	0.0
Age: 45-54	0.4133	0.001
Option of flexible office hour	-0.194	0.117
Random variable to capture correlation among alternative modes	-0.4723	0.0
Automobile captivity	1.1199	0.0
Transit captivity	0.9369	0.0

Structural model: Public transit (bus/LRT)
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Travel time (minutes)	-0.0144	0.0
Travel cost per km distance	-0.1822	0.001
Number of transfers required	-0.2426	0.0
Walking time to transit stop (minutes)	-0.0336	0.0
Gender: Male	0.7948	0.0
Age: 45-54	0.0702	0.229
Employment status: full time and permanent	-0.4515	0.0
Random variable to capture correlation among alternative modes	-0.4723	0.0
Transit captivity	0.9917	0.0

Structural model: Transit captivity
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Office start time: before 6:00 to 7:00 am	1.1012	0.0
Office start time: before 7:01 to 7:15 am	0.4848	0.0
Office start time: before 7:16 to 7:30 am	0.3745	0.0
Office start time: before 7:31 to 8:00 am	0.1779	0.0
Office start time: before 8:01 to 8:15 am	0.4339	0.0
Office start time: before 8:15 to 8:30 am	0.2965	0.0
Option of compressed work week	0.1797	0.0

Structural model: Walk, jog, or inline skate
Variable	Coefficient	p-value
Home to work travel distance (km)	-0.0316	0.0
Age: 25-34	0.5453	0.0
Option of flexible office hour	0.2215	0.073