Last-mile travel and bicycle sharing system in small/medium sized cities: user’s preferences investigation using hybrid choice model

Adnan, M.; Altaf, S.; Bellemans, T.; Yasar, A.U.H.; Shakshuki, E.M., 2019, in Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing

doi:10.1007/s12652-018-0849-5
Location Belgium
Population General
Sample size 321
Factor analysis type confirmatory factor analysis, nan rotation
Stepwise regression no
Removal of insignificant variables no
Reviewed by LCM

Abstract

First and last-mile access to and from public transport stations/stops is a major problem for encouraging public transport use. Bicycle sharing schemes have shown potential to fill this gap. Consequently, railway operators in the Netherland and Germany have started their own bike sharing schemes. Majority of the studies examined the preferences for using bike share schemes for larger cities. This study analyses the collected stated preference survey data for the use of bicycle sharing scheme for last mile travel, which is recently launched in small/medium sized cities of Belgium. Within this scheme a single docking station is available and users need to return bicycle at the same station. The survey also includes questions on respondents attitudes towards friendliness-to-cycling. The hybrid choice modelling framework is used to investigate preferences of users. Usual explanatory variables such as temperature, rain conditions, distance, rental cost, gender and age are found significant, which confirms the findings of earlier studies. Along with these; last-mile (to home) and an interaction term between rental cost and duration to keep bicycle are found significant, which indicate the negative effects of having a single docking station. Availability of escorting facility from parents/colleague/friends (a more common phenomenon in small/medium cities) also has a negative effect on the use of the examined bike share scheme. Paper also discusses promotional campaigns and marketing efforts according to the obtained results for making such schemes more successful. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Factors

Models

Dependent variable Choice of using PBSS
Model type Binary logit
Sample size 321.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Coefficient p-value
Coefficient 0.9239 0.271
Bike rental cost (Euros) -0.4368 0.0
ln(trip duration in minutes) NS nan
Bike rental cost (Euros)*ln(trip duration in minutes) -0.006 0.0
Trip distance < 1 km -0.6707 0.0
Trip distance 1-3 km 0.4775 0.0
Trip distance 3-5 km 0.2357 0.0
Availability of other modes (car-escort) -0.2891 0.0
Availability of other modes (bus) 0.362 0.0
Rainfall (yes) -1.2791 0.0
Bike parking at destination (yes) 0.6945 0.043
Segregated bike path (full) NS nan
Segregated bike path (halfway) NS nan
Temperature (0-5) -0.3947 0.0
Temperature (5-15) 0.1987 0.001
Last-mile (work to home leg of journey) -0.0014 0.019
Dependent variable Choice of using PBSS
Model type HCM
Sample size 321.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Structural model (DV = FC)
Variable Coefficient p-value
Coefficient 0.0512 0.0
Gender (male) 0.1333 0.021
Age (18-30) 0.3652 0.0
Age (31-60) 0.1197 0.0
Emplyment (student) 0.2311 0.0
Employment (full-time) -0.0411 0.002
Education (high school) NS nan
Education (bachelor's) NS nan
Education (master's) NS nan
Driving license (yes) NS nan
Bike ownership 0.3966 0.0
Car ownership (yes) NS nan
Car ownership (available in house) NS nan
Knowledge of PBSS (yes) NS nan
Frequent mode for last mile travel in multistage rail trip (car) -0.2561 0.001
Frequent mode for last mile travel in multistage rail trip (bus/train) 0.1423 0.0
Frequent mode for last mile travel in multistage rail trip (PBSS/bicycle) 0.3611 0.001
Standard deviation-FC 0.1912 0.002
Variable Coefficient p-value
Coefficient -0.2651 0.012
Bike rental cost (Euros) -0.4312 0.0
ln(trip duration in minutes) NS nan
Bike rental cost (Euros)*ln(trip duration in minutes) -0.0068 0.0
Trip distance < 1 km -0.6598 0.0
Trip distance 1-3 km 0.4981 0.0
Trip distance 3-5 km 0.2314 0.0
Availability of other modes (car-escort) -0.3181 0.0
Availability of other modes (bus) 0.3756 0.0
Rainfall (yes) -1.1342 0.0
Bike parking at destination (yes) 0.6867 0.021
Segregated bike path (full) nan nan
Segregated bike path (halfway) nan nan
Temperature (0-5) -0.3676 0.0
Temperature (5-15) 0.2154 0.0
Last-mile (work to home leg of journey) -0.0015 0.001
Friendliness to cycling 0.9654 0.0

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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