Perceived environmental correlates of physical activity for leisure and transportation in Curitiba, Brazil

Diana C. Parra, Christine M. Hoehner, Pedro C. Hallal, Isabela C. Ribeiro, Rodrigo Reis, Ross C. Brownson, Michael Pratt, Eduardo J. Simoes, 2010, in Preventive Medicine 52

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.12.008
Location Curitiba, Brazil
Population General
Sample size 2008
Factor analysis type principal components, unknown rotation
Stepwise regression no
Removal of insignificant variables no
Reviewed by NAH

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) has consistently been associated with perceived environmental characteristics. Objective: To examine the association between perceived environmental attributes and various forms of PA in Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional phone survey of adults was conducted in 2008 (n = 2097). The questionnaire included environmental perceptions and PA. Principal components analysis was used to identify groups of perceived environmental attributes. Multivariate methods tested the associations of PA with perceived environment characteristics. Results: Perceptions of moderate and high personal safety were positively associated with walking for transportation (53.0%, 53.1% vs. 47.3%, both adjusted ORs [aOR] = 1.5). Number of destinations within a 10-minute walk (4 and > 6 vs < 3) was positively associated with bicycling for transportation (7.8%, 9.9% vs.4.8%, aOR = 2.5). Perception of high accessibility was positively associated with MVPA during leisure time (35.1% vs. 19.1, aOR = 1.7) and meeting recommendations for total PA (58.7% vs. 45.1%, aOR = 1.4). Perception of high quality of the pedestrian space (57.3% vs. 46.5%, aOR = 1.4) and moderate levels of personal safety (54.3% vs. 47.6%, aOR = 1.3) were also positively associated with meeting recommendations for total PA. Conclusions: Different environmental attributes were associated with different PA outcomes, suggesting that these relationships are complex and may differ from those in high-income countries. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
availability of bicycling and walking trails, maintenance of (Safety) nan
maintenance of bicycling and walking trails (Safety) nan
maintenance of parks (Comfort) nan
Variable Pattern loading
perception of nearby crime (Safety) nan
perceived safety from crime when walking/bicycling at night (Safety) nan
perceived safety from crime when walking/bicycling during the day (Safety) nan
Variable Pattern loading
presence of sidewalks (Safety) nan
maintenance of the sidewalk (Comfort) nan
presence of garbage (Comfort) nan
Variable Pattern loading
volume of traffic (Safety) nan
drivers exceeding speed limits (Safety) nan

Models

Dependent variable Walking for transport
Model type nan
Sample size 2008
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
Low Accessibility CTRL nan
Moderate Accessibility 0.9 0.551
High Accessibility 0.9 0.505
Low Quality of the pedestrian environment CTRL nan
Moderate Quality of the pedestrian environment 0.9 0.505
High Quality of the pedestrian environment 1.0 1.0
Low Personal Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Personal Safety 1.5 0.004
High Personal Safety 1.5 0.032
Low Traffic Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Traffic Safety 1.3 0.106
HIgh Traffic Safety 1.3 0.169
<3 Destinations withen 10 min walk CTRL nan
4 Destinations withen 10 min walk 1.0 1.0
5 Destinations withen 10 min walk 0.8 0.207
>=6 Destinations withen 10 min walk 0.9 0.593
Age CTRL nan
Gender CTRL nan
Education CTRL nan
Car Ownership CTRL nan
Dependent variable Biking for transport
Model type nan
Sample size 2008
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
Low Accessibility CTRL nan
Moderate Accessibility 0.9 0.747
High Accessibility 1.3 0.404
Low Quality of the pedestrian environment CTRL nan
Moderate Quality of the pedestrian environment 0.9 0.707
High Quality of the pedestrian environment 0.8 0.426
Low Personal Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Personal Safety 0.9 0.707
High Personal Safety 1.1 0.781
Low Traffic Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Traffic Safety 1.3 0.33
HIgh Traffic Safety 1.2 0.678
<3 Destinations withen 10 min walk CTRL nan
4 Destinations withen 10 min walk 2.5 0.014
5 Destinations withen 10 min walk 1.8 0.103
>=6 Destinations withen 10 min walk 2.5 0.014
Age CTRL nan
Gender CTRL nan
Education CTRL nan
Car Ownership CTRL nan
Dependent variable Walking for leisure
Model type nan
Sample size 2008
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
Low Accessibility CTRL nan
Moderate Accessibility 1.1 0.624
High Accessibility 1.1 0.552
Low Quality of the pedestrian environment CTRL nan
Moderate Quality of the pedestrian environment 0.9 0.505
High Quality of the pedestrian environment 1.2 0.261
Low Personal Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Personal Safety 0.9 0.505
High Personal Safety 0.9 0.593
Low Traffic Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Traffic Safety 0.9 0.551
HIgh Traffic Safety 0.6 0.014
<3 Destinations withen 10 min walk CTRL nan
4 Destinations withen 10 min walk 0.9 0.626
5 Destinations withen 10 min walk 0.8 0.318
>=6 Destinations withen 10 min walk 1.1 0.62
Age CTRL nan
Gender CTRL nan
Education CTRL nan
Car Ownership CTRL nan
Dependent variable Biking for leisure
Model type nan
Sample size 2008
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence nan
Variable Odds_ratio p-value
Low Accessibility CTRL nan
Moderate Accessibility 1.2 0.378
High Accessibility 1.7 0.003
Low Quality of the pedestrian environment CTRL nan
Moderate Quality of the pedestrian environment 1.1 0.552
High Quality of the pedestrian environment 1.3 0.138
Low Personal Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Personal Safety 1.9 0.0
High Personal Safety 1.3 0.169
Low Traffic Safety CTRL nan
Moderate Traffic Safety 0.9 0.505
HIgh Traffic Safety 0.9 0.626
<3 Destinations withen 10 min walk CTRL nan
4 Destinations withen 10 min walk 0.9 0.626
5 Destinations withen 10 min walk 0.9 0.593
>=6 Destinations withen 10 min walk 1.1 0.674
Age CTRL nan
Gender CTRL nan
Education CTRL nan
Car Ownership CTRL nan

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

sha256:a08d9e369743bf7e6d1c40d27347318209b40a7fb1543813fdcf31b898918815