Private and public modes of bicycle commuting: a perspective on attitude and perception
Curto, de Nazelle, Donaire-Gonzalez, Cole-Hunter, Garcia-Aymerich, Martı́nez, Anaya, Rodrı́guez, Jerrett, Nieuwenhuijsen, 2016, in The European Journal of Public Health
doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv235
Location |
Barcelona |
Population |
General |
Sample size |
814 |
Factor analysis type |
principal components, Orthogonal rotation |
Stepwise regression |
nan |
Removal of insignificant variables |
yes |
Reviewed by |
NAH |
Abstract
Background: Public bicycle-sharing initiatives can act as health enhancement strategies among urban populations. The aim of the study was to determine which attitudes and perceptions of behavioural control toward cycling and a bicycle-sharing system distinguish commuters with a different adherence to bicycle commuting. Methods: The recruitment process was conducted in 40 random points in Barcelona from 2011 to 2012. Subjects completed a telephone-based questionnaire including 27 attitude and perception statements. Based on their most common one-way commute trip and willingness to commute by bicycle, subjects were classified into Private Bicycle (PB), public bicycle or Bicing Bicycle (BB), Willing Non-bicycle (WN) and Non-willing Non-bicycle (NN) commuters. After reducing the survey statements through principal component analysis, a multinomial logistic regression model was obtained to evaluate associations between attitudinal and commuter sub-groups. Results: We included 814 adults in the analysis [51.6% female, mean (SD): age 36.6 (10.3) years]. BB commuters were 2.0 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.7] less likely to perceive bicycle as a quick, flexible and enjoyable mode compared to PB. BB, WN and NN were 2.5 (95% CI = 1.46-4.24), 2.6 (95% CI = 1.53-4.41) and 2.3 times (95% CI = 1.30-4.10) more likely to perceive benefits of using public bicycles (bicycle maintenance and parking avoidance, low cost and no worries about theft and vandalism) than did PB. Conclusion: Willing non-bicycle and public-bicycle commuters had more favourable perception toward public-shared bicycles compared to private cyclists. Hence, public bicycles may be the impetus for those willing to start bicycle commuting, thereby increasing physical activity levels. © 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
Factors
Models
Dependent variable |
Type of bicycle commuter |
Model type |
multinomial logistic regression model |
Sample size |
814.0 |
R2 |
nan |
Adjusted R2 |
|
Pseudo R2
(nan)
|
nan |
AIC |
nan |
BIC |
nan |
Log-likelihood at zero |
nan |
Log-likelihood at constants |
nan |
Log-likelihood at convergence |
nan |
Bikeshare |
Variable |
Adjusted_relative_risk_ratio |
p-value |
Direct cycling benefits and barriers |
0.5
|
0.029 |
Cycling indirect barriers |
1.86
|
0.015 |
Public bicycle benefits |
2.35
|
0.001 |
Non-willing Non-bicycle |
Variable |
Adjusted_relative_risk_ratio |
p-value |
Direct cycling benefits and barriers |
0.09
|
0.0 |
Cycling indirect barriers |
1.02
|
0.939 |
Public bicycle benefits |
2.15
|
0.005 |
Willing Non-bicycle |
Variable |
Adjusted_relative_risk_ratio |
p-value |
Direct cycling benefits and barriers |
0.2
|
0.0 |
Cycling indirect barriers |
1.75
|
0.021 |
Public bicycle benefits |
2.51
|
0.0 |
Variable |
Adjusted_relative_risk_ratio |
p-value |
Gender |
CTRL
|
nan |
Age |
CTRL
|
nan |
Bicycle commuting experience |
CTRL
|
nan |
access to private bicycle |
CTRL
|
nan |
Bikeshare membership |
CTRL
|
nan |