Residential self-selection and travel behaviour: What are the effects of attitudes, reasons for location choice and the built environment?

Ettema, Nieuwenhuis, 2017, in Journal of Transport Geography

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.01.009
Location The Hague, Netherlands
Population General
Sample size 355
Factor analysis type exploratory factor analysis, varimax rotation
Stepwise regression yes
Removal of insignificant variables no
Reviewed by LCM

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
I like driving (Mode-liking) 0.618
I need a car to participate in my activities (Convenience) 0.748
Owning a car allows me to do more (Convenience) 0.873
Owning a car gives me freedom (Mode-liking) 0.871
Variable Pattern loading
I like to use public transport (Mode-liking) 0.829
If possible I rather use public transport than drive (Mode-liking) 0.687
Public transport is unreliable (Convenience) -0.718
Variable Pattern loading
I like cycling (Mode-liking) 0.805
I like walking (Mode-liking) 0.637
If possible I rather walk than drive (Mode-liking) 0.742
If possible I rather cycle than drive (Mode-liking) 0.799
The government should invest more in walking cycling infrastructure (Transport policy) 0.598

Models

Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1321.22
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.738 0.005
The Hague CS -0.373 0
The Hague MW -0.231 0.021
Male 0.064 0.358
Income middle 0.094 0.299
Income high 0.192 0.039
Has drivers license 0.217 0.233
Has partner -0.176 0.038
Has children 0.033 0.694
Has a car 2.253 0
Has a bicycle -0.354 0.009
Age < 25 0.013 0.926
Age 26-35 0.106 0.224
Age 36-50 0.142 0.128
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1216.71
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.386 0.144
The Hague CS -0.262 0.001
The Hague MW -0.199 0.047
Male -0.008 0.908
Income middle 0.106 0.243
Income high 0.166 0.072
Has drivers license 0.07 0.343
Has partner -0.08 0.834
Has children 0.018 0
Has a car 1.735 0.016
Has a bicycle -0.344 0.688
Age < 25 -0.057 0.521
Age 26-35 0.057 0.063
Age 36-50 0.174 0
Pro car 0.396 0
Pro slow mode -0.165 0
Pro public transport -0.182 0
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1189.904
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.05 0.87
The Hague CS -0.314 0
The Hague MW -0.211 0.037
Male -0.028 0.69
Income middle 0.024 0.798
Income high 0.112 0.235
Has drivers license 0.106 0.565
Has partner -0.075 0.381
Has children 0.034 0.695
Has a car 1.513 0
Has a bicycle -0.279 0.053
Age < 25 -0.026 0.857
Age 26-35 0.047 0.615
Age 36-50 0.208 0.032
Pro car 0.323 0
Pro slow mode -0.101 0.014
Pro public transport -0.14 0
Reason for location choice: walking -0.034 0.053
Reason for location choice: car use 0.07 0
Reason for location choice: train -0.088 0.009
Reason for location choice: tram/bus 0.016 0.622
Reason for location choice: cycling -0.066 0.103
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1284.542
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 0.213 0.423
The Hague CS -0.113 0.343
The Hague MW -0.385 0.01
Male 0.183 0.04
Income middle 0.017 0.883
Income high 0.226 0.075
Has drivers license -0.101 0.485
Has partner 0.146 0.188
Has children 0.035 0.786
Has a car -0.605 0
Has a bicycle 0.329 0.098
Age < 25 0.564 0.001
Age 26-35 0.449 0.001
Age 36-50 0.224 0.118
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1228.272
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.206 0.473
The Hague CS -0.272 0.023
The Hague MW -0.452 0.003
Male 0.232 0.009
Income middle 0.055 0.632
Income high 0.311 0.017
Has drivers license 0.134 0.378
Has partner 0.078 0.492
Has children 0.013 0.921
Has a car -0.276 0.025
Has a bicycle 0.221 0.281
Age < 25 0.809 0
Age 26-35 0.601 0
Age 36-50 0.258 0.075
Pro car -0.261 0
Pro slow mode 0.156 0.002
Pro public transport 0.235 0
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1146.878
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.744 0.057
The Hague CS -0.394 0.001
The Hague MW -0.366 0.02
Male 0.177 0.048
Income middle 0.056 0.63
Income high 0.287 0.028
Has drivers license -0.023 0.878
Has partner 0.063 0.584
Has children 0.1 0.444
Has a car -0.77 0.586
Has a bicycle 0.171 0.422
Age < 25 0.507 0.004
Age 26-35 0.333 0.017
Age 36-50 0.112 0.453
Pro car -0.144 0.011
Pro slow mode 0.068 0.201
Pro public transport 0.13 0.004
Reason for location choice: walking -0.021 0.382
Reason for location choice: car use -0.049 0.01
Reason for location choice: train 0.445 0
Reason for location choice: tram/bus -0.027 0.487
Reason for location choice: cycling -0.084 0.093
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1136.598
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.033 0.91
The Hague CS 1.25 0
The Hague MW 1.672 0
Male -0.126 0.219
Income middle -0.085 0.469
Income high 0.118 0.43
Has drivers license -0.137 0.323
Has partner 0.051 0.646
Has children 0.189 0.192
Has a car -0.422 0
Has a bicycle -0.499 0
Age < 25 0.086 0.591
Age 26-35 -0.229 0.069
Age 36-50 -0.189 0.185
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1097.166
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.232 0.453
The Hague CS 1.161 0
The Hague MW 1.541 0
Male -0.11 0.287
Income middle -0.072 0.547
Income high 0.223 0.143
Has drivers license 0.048 0.747
Has partner -0.003 0.98
Has children 0.056 0.718
Has a car -0.415 0.001
Has a bicycle -0.367 0.012
Age < 25 -0.122 0.463
Age 26-35 -0.259 0.043
Age 36-50 -0.277 0.061
Pro car -0.041 0.498
Pro slow mode -0.141 0.003
Pro public transport 0.176 0
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1073.328
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.765 0.039
The Hague CS 1.186 0
The Hague MW 1.398 0
Male -0.088 0.402
Income middle -0.094 0.437
Income high 0.184 0.233
Has drivers license 0.015 0.919
Has partner 0.048 0.675
Has children 0.051 0.746
Has a car -0.5 0.001
Has a bicycle -0.341 0.025
Age < 25 -0.144 0.418
Age 26-35 -0.165 0.222
Age 36-50 -0.24 0.117
Pro car -0.027 0.672
Pro slow mode -0.143 0.006
Pro public transport 0.147 0
Reason for location choice: walking -0.01 0.714
Reason for location choice: car use 0.022 0.276
Reason for location choice: train -0.076 0.143
Reason for location choice: tram/bus 0.201 0
Reason for location choice: cycling 0.021 0.707
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1652.832
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -1.344 0.004
The Hague CS -0.193 0.011
The Hague MW 0.044 0.607
Male -0.07 0.247
Income middle -0.109 0.126
Income high -0.242 0.003
Has drivers license 0.281 0.016
Has partner -0.018 0.802
Has children 0.067 0.411
Has a car -0.247 0.001
Has a bicycle 2.894 0
Age < 25 -0.21 0.061
Age 26-35 -0.164 0.029
Age 36-50 0.001 0.993
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1574.278
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -1.184 0.012
The Hague CS -0.191 0.014
The Hague MW 0.089 0.305
Male -0.077 0.208
Income middle -0.086 0.23
Income high -0.245 0.003
Has drivers license 0.207 0.081
Has partner -0.001 0.991
Has children 0.085 0.297
Has a car -0.164 0.063
Has a bicycle 2.572 0
Age < 25 -0.094 0.412
Age 26-35 -0.048 0.531
Age 36-50 0.057 0.493
Pro car -0.023 0.528
Pro slow mode 0.29 0
Pro public transport -0.096 0.003
Dependent variable Trip frequency
Model type poisson
Sample size 355.0
R2 nan
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence 1551.2
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -1.737 0
The Hague CS -0.16 0.043
The Hague MW 0.059 0.519
Male -0.061 0.324
Income middle -0.085 0.237
Income high -0.283 0.001
Has drivers license 0.222 0.062
Has partner -0.021 0.776
Has children 0.088 0.284
Has a car -0.145 0.144
Has a bicycle 2.545 0
Age < 25 -0.137 0.242
Age 26-35 -0.046 0.573
Age 36-50 0.039 0.65
Pro car -0.011 0.777
Pro slow mode 0.228 0
Pro public transport -0.113 0.001
Reason for location choice: walking -0.003 0.827
Reason for location choice: car use 0.005 0.696
Reason for location choice: train 0.055 0.093
Reason for location choice: tram/bus -0.02 0.467
Reason for location choice: cycling 0.177 0.001

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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