The influence of vehicle body type in shaping behavioural intention to acquire electric vehicles: A multi-group structural equation approach

Moataz Mohamed, Christopher D. Higgins, Mark Ferguson, Weeberb J. Réquia, 2018, in Transportation Research Part A

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2018.05.011
Location Canada
Population General
Sample size 15392
Factor analysis type confirmatory factor analysis, none rotation
Stepwise regression no
Removal of insignificant variables no
Reviewed by SH

Abstract

The study presents a multi-group structural equation modelling exercise to identify differences in the mindset of individuals towards electric vehicles (EVs) across seven vehicle body types in Canada. The study utilizes a sample of 15,392 households and grounds the psychographic orientation of potential EV adopters on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Specifically, the study measures the impact of five latent constructs; environmental concerns, attitude, subjective norm, personal moral norm, and perceived behavioural control on the intention to adopt EVs along with socio-economic-demographic (SED) variables. The results highlight that both attitude and perceived behaviour control are the strongest factors influencing individual intention to adopt EVs. However, the multi-group invariance analysis indicates that the psychographic orientation and the SED traits of potential adopters of different EV body types are significantly different, with particular standouts in the luxury and pickup truck classes. We follow this up with an analysis of mindshare towards EVs over the seven vehicle types. Insights derived from the analysis can help define potential submarkets for EVs and accelerate their adoption. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change (Environmentalism) 1
I think buying an EV is a good decision (Environmentalism) 1.326
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle (Cost) 1.191
Variable Pattern loading
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment (Environmentalism) 1.122
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment (Environmentalism) 1
Variable Pattern loading
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future (Environmentalism) 1.104
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV (Cost) 1.047
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV (Convenience) 1.111
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV (Convenience) 1
Variable Pattern loading
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV (Cost) 1.101
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV (Convenience) 0.914
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range (Convenience) 1
Variable Pattern loading
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity (Transport policy) 1
I feel morally committed to buy an EV (Environmentalism) 1.007
Variable Pattern loading
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV (Social norms) 1.092
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV (Social norms) 1.049
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle (Social norms) 1

Models

Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.547 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.422 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.527 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.377 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.055 0.053 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.455 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.096 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.081 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.407 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.032 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.02 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.031 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV -0.011 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.034 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV 0.011 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.029 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.912 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.885 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.662 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.86 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.74 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.788 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.857 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.704 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.876 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.897 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.783 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.705 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.685 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.82 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.771 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.808 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.723 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.543 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.394 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.519 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.368 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.045 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.496 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.095 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.073 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.368 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.053 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.019 0.094 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.012 0.3 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV -0.015 0.17 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.047 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV 0.006 0.592 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.052 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.909 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.882 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.675 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.852 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.744 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.743 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.861 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.69 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.862 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.89 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.808 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.728 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.708 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.804 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.745 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.821 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.753 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.528 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.394 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.527 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.35 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.038 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.449 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.096 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.107 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.391 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.022 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.026 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.041 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV -0.017 0.083 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.04 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV 0.015 0.124 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.035 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.897 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.868 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.655 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.855 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.74 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.771 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.867 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.697 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.866 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.887 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.766 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.683 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.662 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.814 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.758 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.792 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.708 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.548 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.427 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.522 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.385 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.048 0.213 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.486 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.101 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.081 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.371 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.05 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.013 0.318 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.027 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV -0.023 0.068 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV -0.013 0.33 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV 0.004 0.771 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.006 0.615 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.908 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.903 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.657 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.87 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.754 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.819 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.858 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.713 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.886 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.907 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.761 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.737 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.686 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.837 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.807 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.823 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.717 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.51 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.46 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.511 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.301 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.064 0.084 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.465 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.099 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.104 0.086 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.401 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.036 0.113 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.047 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.062 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV 0.03 0.185 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.037 0.117 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV 0.043 0.059 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.009 0.698 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.912 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.868 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.674 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.868 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.718 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.788 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.895 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.71 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.868 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.919 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.777 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.709 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.736 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.811 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.817 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.805 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.713 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.552 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.438 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.532 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.369 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.065 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.401 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.09 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.063 0.089 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.488 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.049 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV 0.011 0.458 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.038 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV 0.01 0.503 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.039 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV -0.02 0.163 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.018 0.207 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.946 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.883 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.683 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.85 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.709 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.786 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.823 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.683 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.865 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.901 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.764 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.709 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.652 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.806 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.77 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.789 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.736 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.524 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.403 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.491 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.363 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.067 0.304 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.469 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.105 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.054 0.078 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.404 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.009 0.38 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.023 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.031 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV -0.015 0.135 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.042 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV 0.035 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.024 <0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.905 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.897 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.637 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.854 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.726 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.808 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.857 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.705 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.881 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.897 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.783 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.676 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.657 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.819 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.783 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.79 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.686 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
Source variable Target variable Effect p-value Effect type
Environmental concerns Attitude towards buying EV 0.571 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Subjective norm 0.487 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Personal moral norm 0.554 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Perceived Behavioural control 0.397 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Environmental concerns Intention to buy EV 0.034 0.215 standardized_direct_effect
Attitude towards buying EV Intention to buy EV 0.374 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Subjective norm Intention to buy EV 0.055 0.156 standardized_direct_effect
Personal moral norm Intention to buy EV 0.152 <0.01 standardized_direct_effect
Perceived Behavioural control Intention to buy EV 0.472 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
AGE Intention to buy EV -0.13 0.422 standardized_direct_effect
FEMALE Intention to buy EV -0.027 0.102 standardized_direct_effect
INCOME Intention to buy EV 0.012 0.507 standardized_direct_effect
NEXT_BUY Intention to buy EV 0.006 0.717 standardized_direct_effect
EDUCATION Intention to buy EV 0.019 0.268 standardized_direct_effect
URB_RUR Intention to buy EV -0.011 0.523 standardized_direct_effect
REPLACE Intention to buy EV -0.011 0.504 standardized_direct_effect
I am very concerned about human behaviour and its influence on climate change and the environment Environmental concerns 0.91 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I think people should change their behaviour to reduce climate change and protect the environment Environmental concerns 0.869 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I believe that electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change Attitude towards buying EV 0.642 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I think buying an EV is a good decision Attitude towards buying EV 0.862 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
In the long-term, I think owning an EV is more cost effective than owning a conventional vehicle Attitude towards buying EV 0.736 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I feel some social pressure to purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.821 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
Some people who are important to me think I should purchase an EV Subjective norm 0.839 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
People who are close to me think that it is important to consider the environment when I purchase a vehicle Subjective norm 0.7 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel that I ought to buy an EV to help replace uncertain foreign oil with made-in-Canada electricity Personal moral norm 0.892 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I feel morally committed to buy an EV Personal moral norm 0.889 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
With an excellent battery warranty, I would not worry about buying an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.789 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am confident that it is easy to maintain and operate an EV Perceived Behavioural control 0.684 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
If I buy an EV, it will accommodate my travel needs even with the limited battery range Perceived Behavioural control 0.672 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to buy an EV in the near future Intention to buy EV 0.84 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to spend more money to buy an EV Intention to buy EV 0.765 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I am willing to tolerate some periodic battery charging inconvenience for the benefits of driving an EV Intention to buy EV 0.803 <0.001 standardized_direct_effect
I would modify my travel patterns somewhat to own an EV Intention to buy EV 0.694 >=0.05 standardized_direct_effect

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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