Using semi-open questions to integrate perceptions in choice models

Glerum, Atasoy, Bierlaire, 2014, in Journal of Choice Modelling

doi:10.1016/j.jocm.2013.12.001
Location Low density Swiss areas
Population General
Sample size 1763
Factor analysis type none, none rotation
Stepwise regression yes
Removal of insignificant variables yes
Reviewed by LCM

Abstract

This research investigates the measurement of perceptions by means of adjectives freely reported by respondents in semi-open questions. It involved the use of semi-open responses of 1763 Swiss individuals to develop indicators for a latent variable representing the perception of comfort of public transportation. The indicators are then incorporated into a discrete choice model of revealed mode choices. Perceptions are assumed to impact choice significantly and this research aims at capturing their complexity using adjectives and integrating them into the hybrid choice modeling framework. We exploit a quantification of the adjectives performed by external evaluators. Given the subjectivity that is involved, we analyze the sensitivity of the results across evaluators who rated the adjectives. We observe that the aggregate indicators of demand, such as market shares, elasticities and values of time, are rather robust across evaluators. This is not the case for the disaggregate indicators that may vary substantially across evaluators. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Factors

Variable Pattern loading
Subjective perception of comfort from semi-open question (Comfort) nan

Models

Dependent variable Mode choice
Model type Logit
Sample size 2265.0
R2 0.443
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence -1153.0
PMM
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 0.423 0.022
Time -0.033 0.0
Work -0.613 0.006
French 0.99 0.0
PT
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.178 0.379
Time -0.06 0.001
Work 0.0987 0.675
French -0.228 0.542
Variable Coefficient p-value
Cost -0.0658 0.0
Distance -0.236 0.0
French 1.11 0.66
Age < 50 1.42 0.211
Full or part time job -8.34 0.0
Ownersip of 2+ cars -7.81 0.0
Dependent variable Mode choice
Model type HCM
Sample size 2265.0
R2 0.425
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence -1192.0
PMM
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 0.416 0.024
Time -0.0313 0.0
Work -0.572 0.01
French 0.966 0.0
PT
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.155 0.441
Time -0.0143 0.0
Work -0.0602 0.795
French -0.073 0.81
Variable Coefficient p-value
Cost -0.0637 0.0
Distance -0.233 0.0
Comfort (PCPT) 1.06 0.001
Mean (PCPT) 3.33 0.0
French -0.559 0.072
Age < 50 -1.3 0.0
Full or part time job -1.1 0.0
Ownersip of 2+ cars -0.73 0.002
a2 (PCPT indicator) -0.243 0.008
a3 (PCPT indicator) -0.473 0.0
a4 (PCPT indicator) -1.14 0.0
a5 (PCPT indicator) -1.23 0.0
a6 (PCPT indicator) -1.22 0.0
a7 (PCPT indicator) -0.391 0.0
a8 (PCPT indicator) -0.56 0.0
a9 (PCPT indicator) -0.842 0.0
y1 (PCPT indicator) 0.255 0.0
y2 (PCPT indicator) 0.158 0.0
y3 (PCPT indicator) 0.108 0.026
y4 (PCPT indicator) 0.422 0.0
y5 (PCPT indicator) 0.195 0.0
y6 (PCPT indicator) 0.218 0.0
y7 (PCPT indicator) 0.344 0.0
y8 (PCPT indicator) 0.264 0.0
y9 (PCPT indicator) 0.237 0.0
o1 (PCPT indicator) -0.0585 0.242
o2 (PCPT indicator) 0.255 0.0
o3 (PCPT indicator) 0.365 0.0
o4 (PCPT indicator) -0.344 0.005
o5 (PCPT indicator) 0.0509 0.358
o6 (PCPT indicator) 0.00644 0.928
o7 (PCPT indicator) -0.25 0.004
o8 (PCPT indicator) 0.122 0.047
o9 (PCPT indicator) 0.18 0.019
Dependent variable Mode choice
Model type HCM
Sample size 2265.0
R2 0.422
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence -1199.0
PMM
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 0.41 0.027
Time -0.0312 0.0
Work -0.56 0.011
French 0.969 0.0
PT
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.132 0.509
Time -0.0293 0.0
Work -0.0928 0.689
French -0.113 0.711
Variable Coefficient p-value
Cost -0.0628 0.0
Distance -0.233 0.0
Comfort (PCPT) 1.09 0.008
Mean (PCPT) 15.7 0.0
French -0.139 0.631
Age < 50 0.0643 0.764
Full or part time job -0.582 0.007
Ownership of 2+ cars -0.362 0.114
a2 (PCPT indicator) 0.505 0.108
a3 (PCPT indicator) 1.46 0.004
a4 (PCPT indicator) -3.33 0.0
a5 (PCPT indicator) -0.344 0.368
a6 (PCPT indicator) 0.742 0.093
a7 (PCPT indicator) -2.3 0.0
a8 (PCPT indicator) 1.37 0.0
a9 (PCPT indicator) 0.731 0.013
y1 (PCPT indicator) 0.116 0.0
y2 (PCPT indicator) 0.0742 0.0
y3 (PCPT indicator) 0.00423 0.897
y4 (PCPT indicator) 0.319 0.0
y5 (PCPT indicator) 0.123 0.0
y6 (PCPT indicator) 0.051 0.077
y7 (PCPT indicator) 0.258 0.0
y8 (PCPT indicator) 0.0268 0.091
y9 (PCPT indicator) 0.0613 0.001
o1 (PCPT indicator) -1.06 0.0
o2 (PCPT indicator) -0.521 0.0
o3 (PCPT indicator) -0.365 0.0
o4 (PCPT indicator) -1.68 0.0
o5 (PCPT indicator) -0.461 0.0
o6 (PCPT indicator) -0.394 0.0
o7 (PCPT indicator) -1.23 0.0
o8 (PCPT indicator) -0.673 0.0
o9 (PCPT indicator) -0.675 0.0
Dependent variable Mode choice
Model type HCM
Sample size 2265.0
R2 0.427
Adjusted R2
Pseudo R2 (nan) nan
AIC nan
BIC nan
Log-likelihood at zero nan
Log-likelihood at constants nan
Log-likelihood at convergence -1190.0
PMM
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant 0.419 0.023
Time -0.0323 0.0
Work -0.575 0.009
French 0.967 0.0
PT
Variable Coefficient p-value
Constant -0.155 0.441
Time -0.0208 0.0
Work -0.0474 0.841
French -0.0808 0.795
Variable Coefficient p-value
Cost -0.0653 0.0
Distance -0.235 0.0
Comfort (PCPT) 1.33 0.0
Mean (PCPT) 7.47 0.0
French -0.456 0.114
Age < 50 -1.04 0.0
Full or part time job -1.12 0.0
Ownersip of 2+ cars -0.688 0.002
a2 (PCPT indicator) 0.00209 0.992
a3 (PCPT indicator) -0.686 0.048
a4 (PCPT indicator) -2.34 0.0
a5 (PCPT indicator) -2.31 0.0
a6 (PCPT indicator) -2.98 0.0
a7 (PCPT indicator) -0.828 0.002
a8 (PCPT indicator) -1.35 0.0
a9 (PCPT indicator) -2.56 0.0
y1 (PCPT indicator) 0.23 0.0
y2 (PCPT indicator) 0.151 0.0
y3 (PCPT indicator) 0.203 0.0
y4 (PCPT indicator) 0.433 0.0
y5 (PCPT indicator) 0.321 0.0
y6 (PCPT indicator) 0.453 0.0
y7 (PCPT indicator) 0.324 0.0
y8 (PCPT indicator) 0.336 0.0
y9 (PCPT indicator) 0.448 0.0
o1 (PCPT indicator) 0.0627 0.144
o2 (PCPT indicator) 0.388 0.0
o3 (PCPT indicator) 0.381 0.0
o4 (PCPT indicator) 0.00596 0.944
o5 (PCPT indicator) 0.155 0.026
o6 (PCPT indicator) -0.279 0.082
o7 (PCPT indicator) 0.0178 0.787
o8 (PCPT indicator) 0.27 0.0
o9 (PCPT indicator) 0.0496 0.631

The Attitudes and Travel Database is produced with support from the Center for Teaching Old Models New Tricks at Arizona State University, a University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation through Grant No. 69A3551747116.

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